Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults over 50. While many people have heard of macular degeneration, fewer understand that there are two distinct types - dry macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration. Knowing the differences between them, along with the importance of routine medical eye exams, can make a significant difference in protecting your sight.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision needed for activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. AMD does not typically cause complete blindness, but it can severely impact quality of life if left unmanaged.

Dry Macular Degeneration: The Most Common Form

Dry macular degeneration accounts for about 80-90% of AMD cases. It occurs when the macula gradually thins and small deposits called drusen build up beneath the retina.

Key characteristics of dry AMD include:

• Slow, progressive vision loss

• Blurred or distorted central vision

• Difficulty reading or seeing fine details

• Increased need for brighter light

Because dry AMD develops gradually, many people don’t notice symptoms in the early stages. This makes routine eye exams especially important for early detection and monitoring.

Wet Macular Degeneration: Less Common but More Severe

Wet macular degeneration is less common but far more aggressive. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid damage to the macula.

Key characteristics of wet AMD include:

• Sudden or rapid vision changes

• Dark or blank spots in central vision

• Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted

• Faster progression of vision loss

Wet AMD often develops from existing dry AMD and requires prompt treatment to help preserve remaining vision.

Why Routine Medical Eye Exams Are Critical

Both forms of macular degeneration can begin without noticeable symptoms. Routine eye exams allow your eye doctor to:

• Detect early signs of dry AMD before vision changes occur

• Identify progression from dry to wet AMD

• Recommend lifestyle changes, supplements, or treatments when appropriate

• Monitor retinal health over time

Early detection is especially important because while there is no cure for AMD, timely intervention can slow progression and help protect vision - particularly in cases of wet macular degeneration.

Managing Macular Degeneration

Depending on the type and severity, management may include:

• Regular monitoring and imaging of the retina

• Nutritional supplements for certain stages of dry AMD

• Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and UV protection

• Referral for medical treatments in cases of wet AMD

Your eye doctor will tailor recommendations based on your individual eye health and risk factors.

Stay Ahead of AMD at Vision Source Grove Heights

Understanding the difference between wet and dry macular degeneration empowers patients to take a proactive role in their eye health. While dry AMD progresses slowly and wet AMD can cause rapid vision loss, both benefit greatly from early detection through routine medical eye exams. Regular visits to your eye doctor are one of the most effective ways to safeguard your central vision and maintain your independence as you age.

If you are over 50 or have a family history of macular degeneration, schedule an eye exam at Vision Source Grove Heights and take the next step in preserving your sight. Visit our office in Houston, Texas, or call (346) 782-0288 to book an appointment today.